It is used in different forms for various purposes such as: Silica and other mineral paints in foundries, water paints, polishes, valve-grinding pastes. The commercial name of bentonite is sodium Montmorillonite. These clays are characterized by swelling in water. It occurs as submicroscopic grains and has strong ion exchange property so that it can be replaced by Na (sodium) artificially. Bentoniteīentonite is mainly composed of montmorillonite group of clay with formula (Ca, Mg) O.AI2O3. Kheri Murat Range and Kala Chitta Ranges give similar appearance where pisolitic bauxite deposits are know to occur. Similar rocks succession is exposed near Saloi and village Takwan is District Chakwal. Sedimentary rocks near Ziarat & Pir Sultan Mehdi in District Khushab are embedded with workable deposits of high quality bauxite. In general the content of alumina and silica has inverse relationship from east to west. The bauxite is best developed from Nilawahn to Khura in south of Salt Range. ![]() Some bauxite derived from basaltic rocks contains large amount of Titania. The mineral is used as a raw material in the synthesis of alum and extracting alumina, manufacturing of alumina/aluminium metal, aluminium compounds, refractories, furnace lining and as abrasives. Boehmite with Chemical formula AlO (OH).Gibbsite with Chemical formula Al (OH) 3.Bauxite in nature is found in the form of two minerals i.e. Luster is dull to earthy and colour varies from white to yellow, grey & red. Chemically, it is hydrated alumina with chemical formula AL2O3.2H2O. It is also used collectively for lateritic aluminium ore. Bauxiteīauxite is principal commercial source of aluminium. OccurenceĪrgillaceous Clay deposits with variety of components are found in abundance in Punjab, mainly excavated from the alluvium available in the Punjab basin. In addition, it is also used in about 4000 brick kiln units established in the Punjab Province for preparation of various sized ordinary bricks to be used in construction of buildings. The clay is mainly used as in essential composition for cement manufacturing in Punjab. The sediments are composed of silt or clay sized detrital particles. Argillaceous Clays pertains to rocks or sediments composed of clay minerals or having a significant amount of clay in their composition.
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Not only can your friends join you in the Training Area, but you can also practice against a giant, mecha-monster dummy. The Training Area in Monster Hunter Rise got a complete overhaul. Training You can change the behaviors of the Toadversary in the Training Area Image: Capcom | Source: Capcom gameplay footage We’re currently unsure how or if Monster Hunter Rise will address the issue players had with Monster Hunter: World where friends couldn’t join a story mission unless they’d all seen the cutscene in single player first. If you start a quest online, friends or random players will travel to your town before you dive into your hunt. Unlike Monster Hunter: World, friendly Hunters can travel to your version of Kamura Village, and you can jump around, explore, or even train together. Online and offline are toggles in Monster Hunter Rise, so you’ll need to swap back and forth depending on your situation. With Senri, you can choose to play online or offline, which determines whether or not friends or other Hunters can join your party. You’ll also pick up any DLC you buy from Senri. Senri the Mailman (he’s actually a Palico, but whatever) will help you with all your online play. Multiplayer Senri is your online NPC, and you can find him in Kamura Village Image: Capcom | Source: Capcom gameplay footage You can customize your Buddies with unique gear at the Smithy. If you’re playing with friends, you can only take one Buddy - either a Palico or a Palamute, depending on what you choose.ĭifferent Palicos come with different moves, while Palamutes all seem to have similar gear slots. And while you can only have two with you on a given hunt, you’ll be able to send the others on missions to gather items for you. When you hire a new Buddy, they’ll join your squad. With their assistance, you can visit the Buddy Dojo to pick out new Buddies after each quest. You’ll manage these Buddies in the Buddy Plaza, with the assistance of Buddy Expert Shirubei and Buddy Handler Iori. But Rise expands the buddy system by letting you take both a Palico and a Palamute - the rideable dog friend. When you’re hunting solo or in a small group, you need your Palico to help you out. The Buddy Plaza You can select the Palamute or Palico you want Image: Capcom | Source: Capcom gameplay footageīuddies are a big part of Monster Hunter. ![]() And there is, of course, a delightful new food song and dance that plays each time you order some Dango. Players will unlock new flavors of Dango to combine as they progress through the story. Money Maker had a 90% chance of activating, while Medic and Bird Caller had 85% and 80% chances respectively. Each perk has a percentage chance of getting activated each time you eat.įor example, the video presentation showed the Hunter buying Dango Money Maker (increased money), Dango Medic (increased healing from items), and Dango Bird Caller (which makes more Spiribirds approach during hunts). But just because you pick a specific flavor, and its correlated perk, doesn’t mean you’ll get it. When building your three-piece Dango, you can combine any flavors you want. And with Monster Hunter Rise, there are more unique food perks, meaning it’s less likely you’ll overlap with an armor skill you already have equipped. In addition to increasing your health and stamina for your next hunt, the different flavors offer different perks to help you. Like previous Monster Hunter games, you can use meal tickets, points, or cash to buy your food. At the Dango bar, you can buy three Dango on a stick, each of a different flavor. Dango - a new food system You can mix and match what the game calls “Bunny Dango” Image: Capcom | Source: Capcom gameplay footageĭangos are Japanese dumplings, and they’re the primary food in Monster Hunter Rise. The changes are most notable when you look at in-town multiplayer, the Buddy system, the Training Area, and the new Dango food system. Like the new Wire Bug and rideable Palamutes - both of which you can also use to move around town - Monster Hunter Rise’s Kamura Village will change a lot from previous Monster Hunter games. ![]() The developer and publisher of Monster Hunter Rise invited Polygon to a short video presentation, where it detailed changes to the food and training systems, as well as several others. Capcom will add some interesting new in-town features to Monster Hunter Rise. ![]() Herbicides offer control of broom, especially in preventing spread from small isolated patches, but there are currently no herbicides that are registered for use on white Spanish broom. In at least one place this practice and a lack of follow-up monitoring and control has exacerbated the broom problem. Bulldozing causes massive soil disturbance and physical movement of plants, not only burying seeds but also spreading them beyond the original infestation. Bulldozing infestations into heaps and burning the resulting weed mounds has been a common method used to control broom but it only provides a temporary solution. Physical removal is an option for isolated plants, particularly if they have not seeded. Note, however, that any attempted control of white Spanish broom should be undertaken cooperatively with your local council and or neighbours. scoparius) will also be effective for white Spanish broom, including the ‘cut and mulch’ method outlined in the case study above and recently used in Tasmania. The methods that are useful on broom ( C. Control effort that is poorly performed or not followed up can actually help spread the weed and worsen the problem.Īlthough there has only been relatively limited research into the effectiveness of different control methods on white Spanish broom, field tests have shown that it is relatively easy to kill by using mechanical and physical removal, herbicides and burning. Do not try to control white Spanish broom without their expert assistance. Macquarie University.īecause there are relatively few white Spanish broom infestations, and it can potentially be eradicated before it becomes established, any new outbreaks should be reported immediately to your local council weed officer. Weed Futures: Determining current and future weed threats in Australia, Cytisus multiflorus. ![]() AcknowledgementsĬRC for Australian Weed Management: Andy Sheppard (CSIRO/Weeds CRC), John Hosking (NSW Agriculture/Weeds CRC), Eddie Talbot (West Coast Weed Strategy, Tasmania), Michael Hansford (Vic DPI) and John Thorp (National Weeds Management Facilitator). In Australia it has spread from lakeside plantings into roadsides and townships, but it could also establish in a wide range of disturbed and undisturbed habitats such as grasslands and open eucalypt woodlands. Little is known of the environmental requirements of white Spanish broom. As a weed, it is known to enter relatively undisturbed bushland. What type of environment does it grow in? Each pod contains between three and seven seeds, which are 2.5–3.0 mm long and olive to brown in colour. The pods turn black when mature and release seeds explosively when ripe. The seed pods are covered with short hairs and are generally 15–27 mm long and 4–7 mm wide. The flowers are white with a pink streak at the base and 9–12 mm long. White Spanish broom has finer, greyer foliage than broom.īoth the flowers and seed pods are pea-like. The leaves are arranged in groups of three leaflets on lower branches and a single leaflet on higher branches. Young stems and leaves are covered with short hairs which are lost as the plant ages. White Spanish broom is a large shrub which grows to 3 m high and has striped green stems. Infestations may also spread locally through plant pieces taking root. scoparius seed is greatest once the hard seed coat is breached by fire, and this mechanism is also likely to be required by white Spanish broom. scoparius (Scotch broom), which is still viable 20 years after being dropped. Like many legumes, white Spanish broom is hard seeded and the seeds remain viable for a long time in the soil, probably as long as the seed of the closely related C. It may be spread over longer distances by movement of seed by water or in mud attached to vehicles, machinery, footwear and animals. White Spanish broom generally spreads by seed, with most seed falling within 1 m of the parent plants. It has also been introduced as an ornamental in India, Australia, Italy, United States, New Zealand and Argentina. In Australia it has become a weed and is quite common in central Victoria. It has been eradicated from the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia. White Spanish broom is native to Portugal, Spain and France. In pastures white Spanish broom forms thickets that prevent grazing and restrict access to water. Like all brooms, it invades a wide range of fertile soils where it can fix nitrogen and form a dense scrub layer that outcompetes native species. It also provides shelter for feral animals and its seeds are poisonous. White Spanish broom is a serious environmental weed in Victoria and is targeted for eradication. This plant is on the National Environmental Alert List ![]() If you use cache and artifacts to store the same path in your jobs, the cache mightīe overwritten because caches are restored before artifacts. Docker Machine (autoscale runners) The same as the Docker executor. Docker Locally, under Docker volumes: /var/lib/docker/volumes//_data////cache.zip. Runner executor Default path of the cache Shell Locally, under the gitlab-runner user’s home directory: /home/gitlab-runner/cache////cache.zip. The location also depends on the type of executor. ![]() Is stored on the machine where GitLab Runner is installed. The runner configuration defines where the file is stored. Where the caches are storedĪll caches defined for a job are archived in a single cache.zip file.
![]() Developers should also create applications that use features like ASLR and position-independent executables (PIE) to limit the potential impact of buffer overflows. ![]() The CERT Coordination Center and Carnegie Mellon University’s Software Engineering Institute have developed coding standards for several programming languages, including C and C++.Īutomated ways to prevent buffer overflows include using memory-safe programming languages or frameworks and libraries that provide safe versions of functions that are prone to cause buffer overflows. Many secure coding guides and books address buffer overflows, as do secure coding certification programs. ![]() Since buffer overflows are the result of programming errors, the best way to prevent them is to train developers to avoid making those errors. For example, they can be used to disclose memory addresses that are protected by kernel anti-exploitation technologies such as address space layout randomization (ASLR). Out-of-bound reads can also be used to obtain information that can help attackers exploit other vulnerabilities. While it’s different from a classic buffer overflow, an out-of-bounds read falls in the same category of coding mistakes. So, the list reflects the overall risk associated with certain types of weaknesses based on both prevalence and the danger they pose.įinally, improper handling of buffer boundaries can allow attackers to read data outside the buffer instead of overwriting it, leading to sensitive information disclosure. However, this is the first time MITRE updated the top 25 weaknesses list since 2011 and the ranking is based on a new scoring formula that combines the frequency of vulnerabilities in the National Vulnerabilities Database (NVD) observed over 20 with their average severity scores. The fact that buffer overflows still rank at the top after many years of efforts to eliminate them from computer software is somewhat surprising. The top rank went to CWE-119 or “Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer,” a larger class of buffer handling errors that includes buffer overflows and out-of-bound reads. ![]() In September 2019, The MITRE Corporation, which maintains the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) catalog, published a list of the top 25 types of software vulnerabilities. Buffer overflow vulnerabilities on the rise To avoid them, the developer community has developed secure coding practices and major software vendors have adopted them as part of their secure development life cycles. This causes data to overflow to adjacent memory space, overwriting the information there, which often leads to crashes and exploitable conditions.īuffer overflows are one of the oldest and most common causes for arbitrary code execution vulnerabilities, and applications written in programming languages like C and C++ are more prone to such coding mistakes than other languages. Assume the contents of the buffer are processed in some way.A buffer overflow or overrun is a memory safety issue where a program does not properly check the boundaries of an allocated fixed-length memory buffer and writes more data than it can hold. Uint8_t (*processedData) = calloc(ROWS, sizeof *processedData) įprintf(stderr, "cannot allocate %dx%d array: %s\n", ROWS, COLS, strerror(errno)) Assume inputFile is a buffer with the contents of a file from disk Is there a more efficient way to feed columnar data to fwrite() instead of looping through the array contents one column at the time? #include A loop follows to create a new file pointer for each column which is populated by reading one column at the time and saving each file. The example below simulates data read from a file ("buffer") which is processed and parsed into an 8 rows x 3 columns array ("processedData"). Is there a best-practice on how to feed data to fwrite() when the input data is held in a 2-dimentional array and each column has to be saved into a separate file? ![]() ![]() Roman Early-Definition Astrophysics Survey Assessment.Objects emitting ultraviolet radiation include the Sun, other stars and galaxies. Light at these wavelengths is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so observations at these wavelengths must be performed from the upper atmosphere or from space. Ultraviolet telescopes make observations at ultraviolet wavelengths, i.e. Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER)įurther information: Ultraviolet astronomy Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3 (HEAO 3)Īdvanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA, Astro-D)Īrray of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors (Alexis)Ī Broadband Imaging X-ray All-sky Survey (ABRIXAS) ![]() High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1 (HEAO 1) Uhuru (Small Astronomy Satellite 1, SAS-A) A combination of many unresolved X-ray sources is thought to produce the observed X-ray background. Some Solar System bodies emit X-rays, the most notable being the Moon, although most of the X-ray brightness of the Moon arises from reflected solar X-rays. Several types of astrophysical objects emit X-rays, from galaxy clusters, through black holes in active galactic nuclei to galactic objects such as supernova remnants, stars, and binary stars containing a white dwarf ( cataclysmic variable stars), neutron star or black hole ( X-ray binaries). These can not travel a long distance through the atmosphere, meaning that they can only be observed high in the atmosphere or in space. X-ray telescopes measure high-energy photons called X-rays. International Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL)Īstrorivelatore Gamma ad Immagini LEggero (AGILE) High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE 2) High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3 ( HEAO 3) Gamma ray bursts, with extremely high energies, have also been detected but have yet to be identified. ![]() Gamma rays can be generated by supernovae, neutron stars, pulsars and black holes. These are absorbed by the atmosphere, requiring that observations are done by high-altitude balloons or space missions. Gamma ray telescopes collect and measure individual, high energy gamma rays from astrophysical sources. For telescopes in solar orbit, the minimum distance ( periapsis) and the maximum distance ( apoapsis) between the telescope and the center of mass of the sun are given in astronomical units (AU). For telescopes in Earth orbit, the min and max altitude are given in kilometers. Two values are provided for the dimensions of the initial orbit. the Sun and its planets), are excluded see List of Solar System probes for these, and List of Earth observation satellites for missions targeting Earth. Missions with specific targets within the Solar System (e.g. Space telescopes that collect particles, such as cosmic ray nuclei and/or electrons, as well as instruments that aim to detect gravitational waves, are also listed. Telescopes that work in multiple frequency bands are included in all of the appropriate sections. This list of space telescopes ( astronomical space observatories) is grouped by major frequency ranges: gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave and radio. The Hubble Space Telescope Comparison between many space telescopes by diameter Overview of active and future telescopes Receiving an offer from an unidentified 11-digit number will probably lead to a scam. Some links might look familiar, but if you look carefully, they often contain spelling mistakes and extra letters or numbers. Beware of links from numbers you don't recognize or that lead to websites you never visit. Spammers can use links to hack your device or lead you to a fake site designed to snatch your data. You may be asked to share personal information to claim your prize or to click a link for more details. Some WhatsApp spam messages announce you've won a giveaway, even if you didn't participate in one. You might find that number is not associated with the company or agency that the text claims. Do a quick Google search to verify that the number the message was sent from matches who they’re claiming to be. If you get a text that has errors and prompts you to take action on a personal account or follow a link, it's most likely fake. Text messages from legitimate businesses (like banks) won't have any spelling mistakes. Fraudulent texts are often alarming and claim to be urgent, stating your accounts are blocked, or that a government agency is taking legal action against you. Luckily, most fraudsters use similar approaches. WhatsApp scams are increasingly becoming more sophisticated, so it can sometimes be difficult to spot them if you don't know exactly what to look out for. They can also steal your identity to apply for credit cards or loans. Scammers use this information to access your email, banking or social media accounts. Malicious links can infect your device with a virus or other malware and access your data. ![]() They may also ask you to click a malicious link by impersonating a friend or designing a notification that resembles one from a legit company. Some WhatsApp scams involve cybercriminals sending messages that trick people into sharing personal or financial information, such as a password, credit card number or Social Security number. But WhatsApp users are still at risk for other types of scams. WhatsApp's end-to-end encryption makes it a relatively secure messaging service that can prevent hackers from reading your conversations. These files can only be accessed with a password or an encryption key. The app also lets you create encrypted backups of your chats allowing you to save a copy of your conversations to iCloud or Google Drive. In fact, when you open up a new chat on WhatsApp, a notification states that no one outside of that chat, not even WhatsApp, can read or listen to anything shared. WhatsApp uses end-to-end encryption, so only the sender and receiver can read sent messages. Much like Messenger or Telegram, WhatsApp allows users to send texts and voice recordings, make video and voice calls, share documents and more. ![]() Hawaii Alaska Florida South Carolina Georgia Alabama North Carolina Tennessee RI Rhode Island CT Connecticut MA Massachusetts Maine NH New Hampshire VT Vermont New York NJ New Jersey DE Delaware MD Maryland West Virginia Ohio Michigan Arizona Nevada Utah Colorado New Mexico South Dakota Iowa Indiana Illinois Minnesota Wisconsin Missouri Louisiana Virginia DC Washington DC Idaho California North Dakota Washington Oregon Montana Wyoming Nebraska Kansas Oklahoma Pennsylvania Kentucky Mississippi Arkansas Texas View Plans Putting such young clerics in such important positions ensures a generation’s worth of likeminded leadership in the Vatican and archdioceses around the world. At the same time, he’s elevated several cardinals in their 50s - and in some cases their 40s - including the auxiliary bishop of Lisbon who is organizing World Youth Day. To then implement the vision that emerges from the synod, Francis has been naming a slew of unusually young bishops for key archdioceses - in his native Buenos Aires, Madrid and Brussels, among others. “I really think that for Pope Francis, he felt that ‘OK, now it’s mature’ and it would be good really to involve all the members, all the people in the synod as members” with the right to vote, said Sister Nathalie Becquart, who is one of the key synod organizers. ![]() The meeting is intended to give direction on such hot-button issues as the place of LGBTQ+ Catholics and women in the church, and for the first time will feature women and young people voting on proposals alongside bishops. His global canvassing of rank-and-file Catholics about their vision for the future comes to fruition this October with a big synod at the Vatican. Francis’ perennial social justice concerns about climate change, social inequality and fraternity, as well as Russia’s war in Ukraine, are expected to be major themes.īeyond Portugal, though, Francis’ multifold strategy for laying the groundwork for the future is coming together and will hit significant marks in the coming months. John Paul II launched in 1986 to galvanize young Catholics in their faith, is expected to draw up to 1 million people for the first post-pandemic event of its kind. “He’s laying the basis now, laying the ground, for the future.”Īnd no better place to put it on display than at a World Youth Day. “The sense I get is that this is the consolidation phase of the pontificate,” said papal biographer Austen Ivereigh. He seems aware that he has a limited sweet spot of time to solidify the changes he believes are necessary for the 21st century church, and is looking to the next generation of faithful and leaders to execute them. ![]() Unencumbered by the shadow of Pope Benedict XVI, who died seven months ago, and despite recovering from a second intestinal surgery in as many years, the 86-year-old Francis is opening a frenetic second half of the year with his Portugal visit. ![]() After 10 years as pope, Francis is accelerating his reform agenda and making revolutionary changes in personnel and policy that are definitely shaking things up. VATICAN CITY (AP) - When Pope Francis made the first foreign trip of his papacy, to Rio de Janeiro for World Youth Day in 2013, he urged young people to make a “mess” in their local churches, to shake things up even if it ruffled the feathers of their bishops.Īs he embarks this week on another edition of World Youth Day, in Lisbon, Portugal, Francis in many ways has taken his own advice to heart. ![]() If you’re ready to add some character to your vehicle, stop into Twin City Tire & Service today and browse our selection of WeatherTech auto accessories. Our selection of WeatherTech exterior car accessories includes:Īre you looking for an accessory not in our current selection? Let us know. Our selection of WeatherTech interior car accessories includes: After you purchase a new accessory, we can help with installation. We carry car floor mats, floor liners, rain deflectors or wind deflectors, bug deflectors, mud flaps, or many other Weathertech accessories designed to. 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Weather Tech also offers cargo liners for times when you spill something or let a leak get through your car's flooring. Weathertech specializes in high-grade mats designed to keep out water, snow, and dirt (among other things). WeatherTech protects what is most valuable: You! Weather Tech is a company that manufactures products to protect cars from the outside. So contact us either by phone at 33 or email at and let us help your start making your car styling! What is WeatherTech? List of WeatherTech products in stock: Floor LinersCupFone and DeskFoneSide, window deflectors, Bed liners (note we only Special order for this)So whether you need protection from water, dirt, and snow or need something to hold your phone while you drive, we here at Advanced Custom Sound Cargo/Trunk Liner Pour les voitures, les SUV et les camionnettes. ![]() Also in stock, we have side window deflectors for your car. FloorLiner Misurato al laser per unadattabilità perfetta. 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We have a wide variety of sizes and colors to choose from, so you can find the right one that will match the inside of your vehicle. We have the best WeatherTech mats for your car. , we are a Diamond Dealer for WeatherTech. ![]() Optimus had Side Burn go to Pier 7B, where an ambush had been arranged. ![]() Volcano The Decepticons had Movor fired into space to try and locate the Autobot base from orbit, by observing Autobot movements. He pinned Ruination, allowing the Spychanger to use their Inferno Blast to divert the erupting lava to the sea. With the volcano in danger of erupting, Optimus froze the crater with his Blizzard Storm attack, but was occupied fighting Scourge to do any more. More activity lead Prime and the Spychangers to Montrose Island, where they clashed with the Decepticons and Sky-Byte. The ruse worked, and Optimus discovered that the cave did contain something of interest-an O-Part! The Ultimate Robot Warrior Concerned at recent Predacon activity, Optimus called the Autobots back to HQ to review previous missions. Tow-Line Goes Haywire A Predacon investigation of the Cave of the Dragon lead Optimus and Midnight Express to dress up as a huge statue to chase them off. A rousing battle ensued, with inevitable defeat for the Predacons. Prowl and Optimus finally managed to track Tow-Line down, correcting the damage to his circuits done by the Predacons, and rescuing their fellows. Skid Z's ChoiceĪnother new recruit, Tow-Line went rogue and began towing away random Autobots to an unspecified location. Fortunately Skid-Z himself turned up and destroyed the rock, allowing them to chase Megatron off. Unfortunately the Predacons decided to enter the race too, and partway through, Optimus and the Autobot Brothers found themselves holding up a huge rock dropped onto them by Megatron. Mirage's Betrayal Optimus has the Autobots all enter the International Grand Prix in order to try and find Skid-Z, a recently arrived Autobot who had scanned a racing car and become possessed by the urge to compete in races. Optimus was not very worried about Mirage having apparently defected, stating that he was an Autobot and a member of the elite Spychangers. I hope you like this shot, cos you'll be seeing it a lot! When the generator was later moved, the Predacons made a second attempt, but Prime was content to sit back and watch the Spychangers go to work in foiling the quartet. Together with the Autobot Brothers, Prime prevented the Predacons from stealing the Plutonium Energy Generator stored in a Metro City warehouse. Sure enough, the Predacons destroyed a bridge ahead, and Optimus aided Team Bullet Train in stopping the train before disaster occurred. An Explosive Situation The launch of the Linear RFG bullet train was also a clear target for the Predacons, and Optimus ordered the Autobots to provide an escort. With the bomb on the verge of exploding, Optimus converted to his battle mode and used his power stream to blast the shark and the bomb safely into space. New Predacon Sky-Byte turned out to be after a terrorist device hidden in a sports car. Optimus later took Koji to see the Autobot base, during a series of Predacon attacks on trucks around Metro City. Optimus struck up a friendship with Onishi's son, Koji, and despite not being able to save the boy's father, vowed that he would help rescue him. The conflict began when Megatron appeared in New York, attempting to kidnap the famous scientist Doctor Kenneth Onishi. Operating out of a secret base in Metro City, he and his fellow Autobots were more than ready to face Megatron and his Predacons. Prime soon struck up command on Earth, where he took the form of a fire truck. Ultra Magnus left Cybertron that same day, bitter and spiteful of his brother. ![]() However, this relationship was torn apart after the Cybertron Civil Wars, whereupon the Matrix chose Optimus Prime to command the Autobots in stopping the Predacon leader Megatron from ravaging the universe in his quest for energy. The two of them were raised together, and thus, saw each other as brothers. Optimus Prime was created, along with Ultra Magnus, by Alpha Trion during the Golden Age. 1.1.4 Japanese Generation 1 cartoon continuityįiction Cartoon continuity 2001 Robots in Disguise cartoon Voice actor: Neil Kaplan (English), Satoshi Hashimoto (Japanese), Jung Goo Lee (Korean), Vladimir Gerasimov (Russian), Guilherme Briggs (Portuguese), Gerardo Reyero (Latin American Spanish), Massimo Lodolo (Italian)įirearms are the right of all sentient beings. |
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